The new generation of migrant workers are gradually marginalized, wages are low, and frequent job-hopping has become normal.

I have been to many cities and have done a variety of work for a long period of time, for a few months, for a short week... At present, the trend of “short-term work” and high liquidity in the new generation of migrant workers is evident year after year. This phenomenon not only occurs in developed regions in the east, but also in Ningxia where the economy is less developed.

What are the reasons for the new generation of migrant workers rather to drift as a family rather than stay in the city? The reporter conducted an in-depth investigation in recent days.

Low wages frequent job-hopping normalization

On April 4, Liao Yong, 23, quit his car shopping guide. Just a month ago, he had just left a courier company. Asked why frequent departures, Wang Yong is also very distressed: "I am tired of work content and work environment, do not like the feeling of being tied up, want to find a job that fits my mind."

This year is the sixth year that Liao Yong has been away from work. In the past six years, Liao Yong has moved to Yinchuan, Baotou, Xi'an, and Xining and has done more than a dozen jobs such as sales of mobile phone salesmen, community security, driver of express delivery companies, and car sales. "One long job is mobile phone sales. It took one year. The rest are three or four months, but they are as few as two or three weeks," said Liao Yong.

Some people have referred to such peasant workers who frequently change jobs like Liao Yong as "workers and floating families". It is also said that there are "tourist workers" in the new generation of migrant workers.

They are constantly looking for directions, frequently changing jobs and working in cities. Their job skills are low, they lack a sense of belonging and they are always free between urban and rural areas.

"The continuous change of places and jobs for the past few years means that we must learn more things and have greater development." Liao Yong said that his classmates, friends, and fellow villagers all change jobs one year at a time, mainly because of wages. Low salary.

With frequent job changes, Liao Yong did not change his life. Liao Yong said that he did not make any money and earned enough wages to maintain his daily life.

Liao Yong was caught in a dilemma. On the one hand, he was not reconciled to the status quo. His dissatisfaction with his income led him to constantly look for new opportunities. On the other hand, he does not have a skill, can not afford to suffer, can only constantly change the role.

“Their job choices not only focus on hardware—salary, but also on software—welcome benefits, factory environment, business reputation, and development opportunities. They have relatively high subjective aspirations for labor rights and dare to say when their own demands are not met.” "No" has caused a short-term phenomenon," said Chen Xiaojun, director of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Service Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

"Short work" enlarges the "labor shortage" gap

For example, on the positive side and negative side of a coin, one side is the cries of the new generation of migrant workers. “Increase wages and increase protection, otherwise I frequently change jobs”. On the other side, it is the embarrassment of enterprises. The salary has reached a high point, and then the wages rise again. Can be. As a result, in the Yinchuan City labor market, there were many people looking for jobs and recruiting. Many people did not seek out the next one quickly after they quit their jobs, resulting in a group of unemployed people who were “highly incompetent and lowly”. "Short work" enlarges the "labor shortage" gap.

The boss of the Yangshui Fish House in the South China Market of Wenhua Street in Xixia District, Yinchuan City said: “The migrant workers are young and not qualified.” He said that in the past two years, most of the people who came to work were after 80 and 90. It will be seven or eight months long, and it will be two months short. The monthly salary is between 1300 and 1500 yuan, which is not low. There may be relatives and friends shouting for a job, followed by leaving, not to consider.

In the Yinchuan City labor market, the reporter learned that only the “short-term work” that appeared in the seasonally stronger industries was spreading to all industries.

A person in charge of a well-known catering company in Yinchuan told reporters: “Almost every day, people enter and exit. For companies that suffer a lot of losses, they have to retrain novices. The quality of service is slowed down, and newcomers often have service problems. Bring economic losses, and the light will affect the reputation of the company." Desperation, the hotel in order to waiters "short labor" to be "long-term contracts," they must increase their salaries and other benefits to stabilize the employment cycle, or a large number of short-term workers The hotel will not be able to open.

Yinchuan 007 hair salon official said, "The wages can no longer rise, or companies can only close." There is no hope of a raise in salary. In desperation, they have to recruit “senior” stable employees. This type of family-owned and child-employed employee has a higher stability.

Chen Xiaojun clarifies the reasons. He has no practical experience in agriculture. He is eager to expect new generations of migrant workers who are left to develop in the city through their own struggles. They are unable to tolerate the low-paying, insecure, and lack of development opportunities and the upswing of purely physical labor. Posts. Therefore, frequent job changes have become their choice. At the same time, Chen Xiaojun pointedly pointed out that such helpless choices are very detrimental to individuals, businesses, and even society.

The peasant workers are dissatisfied with the frequent treatment of the enterprise and want to increase their chances of promotion. Many enterprises are even less willing to invest in training employees because they are faced with the problem of “short labor”. They are even afraid of spending money to resign after they are trained. This "vicious circle" of difficulties has exacerbated labor shortages. Employees are constantly moving to find a better job. Naturally, companies often lack jobs, especially skilled workers.

“Retaining new generations of migrant workers is not enough to talk about money.” Chen Xiaojun said that now it is necessary for the government and enterprises to implement wages and benefits, establish incentive mechanisms, improve the quality of employment, and enhance employees’ sense of identity and belonging to the company. .

New generation of migrant workers do not want to be a city passer

In the interview, most of the new generation of migrant workers did not want to take root in the city, and did not want to be a hurrying passerby of the city. However, for many reasons, the reality has prevented the new generation of migrant workers from integrating into the city.

According to a survey from the Employment and Entrepreneurship Service Bureau of Ningxia, the new generation of migrant workers accounts for about 30% of migrant workers. It is basically a junior high school graduate just leaving school. The average age is about 23 years old, and the general lack of agricultural labor Experience. Compared with the previous generation of migrant workers, there was a clear difference between the new generation of migrant workers and traditional migrant workers. First, the motivation for going out of employment changes from “improving life” to “experience life, pursuing dreams”, and working to earn money is not the only goal. Second, the recognition of professional roles has changed from farmers to workers, and the orientation of career development has also changed from farming to farming to non-agricultural employment. The traditional migrant workers' work style similar to that of migratory birds and the experience of also working as a farmer often form the psychology of passing through the cities. Compared with traditional migrant workers, the new generation of migrant workers hopes to have a stronger desire for a long-term and stable life in the working area. To live and work in the city and become a city citizen has become a new generation of migrant workers.

For the new generation of migrant workers, the city seems to be "hard-lined" and difficult to integrate. Chen Xiaojun bluntly stated that the confusion of the new generation of migrant workers is how the "urban dream" is achieved.

The current level of wages and salaries of the new generation of migrant workers is relatively low, and the high housing prices and high cost of living are the obstacles that hinder the new generation of migrant workers in the city's long-term stable employment life. According to their current income levels, assuming that wage growth can catch up with the increase in housing prices, according to the purchase price of goods, the ratio of new generation of migrant workers to realizing the dream of realizing home ownership in urban cities will not exceed 10%.

According to Chen Xiaojun, most of the new generation of migrant workers have just taken the gates of primary and secondary schools, their mental development is not yet mature, their thinking is not yet stable, and their identity is not yet clear. The key problem that prevents them from long-term and stable employment in the cities is that the level of education and professional skills lags behind the demand of the urban labor market. According to their current skill level, only about 30% of people can maintain stable employment in the city for a long time.

In addition, due to the constraints of the household registration system and the insufficiency of social security, new generations of migrant workers are gradually becoming more marginalized. They live in cities, their psychological expectations are higher than their parents, but their tolerance is lower than their parents. They are unfamiliar with the country, are not familiar with agricultural production activities, and are at the forefront of traditional rural societies. At the same time, due to the urban-rural dual structure, they are gradually familiar with the city, but they are difficult to integrate. They are restricted by their own culture and skills. It is difficult to obtain stable and high-income jobs in cities, and it is difficult to truly integrate into urban mainstream society. At the bottom, there is not enough motivation to move up and there are not many opportunities.

Chen Xiaojun said that the new generation of migrant workers involves not only the common problems of migrant workers, but also their group specificity. In the long run, we must do everything possible to promote the urbanization of migrant workers and strive to improve the system and mechanism. It is imperative to standardize the employment environment, increase the income of migrant workers, and promote the equitable distribution of public resources such as housing security, education, and culture.

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